Thursday, January 31, 2008

CSE2031 Lecture 8

  • When creating a struct no space is allocated
  • typedef
    • Make a new type name
  • Typedef double grade
    • "grade" is now a new type
    • grade g1 = 3.5
      • Grade can be used whenever double is used
    • Typedef unsigned int size_t;
    • Typedef void (*_sighandler_t)(int)
  • Pointers to structs
    • Structpoint p1;
    • Structpoint* pp;
    • pp = &p1;
    • the name of a struct is not a pointer to the beginning of the variable
    • p1.x = 9
    • *pp.x = 9 //doesn't work
      • Because dot operator has precedence over *
    • (*pp).x = 9
      • // will properly dereference the struct
    • ppàx = 9
      • same as (*pp).x =9 only this is proper
  • self referential structures
  • if you don't use malloc calloc etc it is put on the stack not the heap
  • look in back of the book under IO
    • c library IO(buffered)
    • this is the buffer which input and output is written to
    • int getChar(void)
    • int putchar(int)
    • scanf
    • printf
  • file access
    • FILE
      • The way you create one is
        • FILE * fp
        • fp = fopen("filename", mode);
        • mode is
          • read write and append
          • a 2 character string
          • char*
        • instead of filename you can use
          • "rb"
          • "wb"
          • Ab"
          • "rt"
          • "wt"
          • "at"


 


 


 

//creating a structpoint//

--------------------

structpoint{

    int x;

    int y;


 

    }

---------------------------


 

structpoint p1;

p1.x = 5;

p1.y = 6;

------------

or


 

structpoint p1 = {5,6};

----------------------------------

or

structpoint{

int x;

int y;

}

p1;

p1.x = 5

p1.y = 6;

//you can make a new struct doing it this way

--------------------------------------

struct{

int x;

int y;

}

p1.x = 5;

p1.y = 6;

//cannot make a second struct doing it this way

---------------------------------------

typef unsigned int size_t;

typedef void (*_sighandler_t)(int)

--------------------------------------

typedef structpoint {

int x;

int y;

}

point;

/*now "point" is the name of a type

* it can have pint p1;

*instead of structpoint p1

*/

--------------------------------

/* self referential structures*/

struct listNode{

int value;

struct listNode* next;

}

--------------------------------

struct treeNode{

int value;

struct treeNode* left;

struct treeNode* right;

}

------------------------------------

or

--------------------------------------

typedef structTNode* TreePtr

typedef structTNode{

int value;

TreePtr left;

TreePtr right;

}TreeNode


 

-----------------------------------------

TreePtr root = (TreePtr)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode));         // - do not do this instead - sizeof(int) + 2*sizeof(TreePtr)

root->value = 5;

root -> right = (TreePtr)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode));

root -> right ->value=2;

root -> right->right =null;

root -> right ->left = null;

/*creates a binaryTree with root starting point at 5 pointing to a 2 on its right side that has no strings after it*/

--------------------

struct item{

double price;

char name[50];

}

item x1;

strcpy(x1,name, "Notebook");

---------------------------

struct item{

double price;

char* name;

}

item x1;

x1.name = "notebook";

-----------------------------------

fprintf(fp,...);

fscanf(fp,...);

fclose(fp);

ferror(fp);

intfeof(fp); //if you reached end of file on that file

fflush(fp);

fseek(fp,...);

fsetpos(fp,...);

--------buffered standard output under this line--

stdin

stdont

stderr

---------unbuffered under this line---


 

STDIN_FILENO         0

STDOUT_FILENO        1

STDERR_FILENO        2

--------------------------------------------------

#include <stdio.h>

#include <unistd.h>

int main(void)

{

printf("a");

write(1, "X", 1);

fprintf(stdout, "B");

write (1,"Y", 1);

printf("C");

write(1, "Z\n", 2);

printf("\n");

return 0;

/*output is

XYZ

ABC

this is becuase it's buffered

/*

}

                        

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