2031 Lecture 14

Check your assignment 1 q2.c for 'ERANGE' without this it is wrong apparently

• Fork
  
• Exec
  
• Open
  
• Close
  
• Dup/dup2
  
• Lseek
  
• Read
  
• Write
  
• Pipe
  
  • Sets up a pip
    
    • Writes to this end à |===========| ßreads from this end
      
    • pipe( an array )
      
      • int fd[2]
        
      • pipe(fd)
        
      • fd[0] reads from the pipe
        
      • fd[1] writes to the pipe
        
      • 
        

 

#include <>

#include <>

#include <unistd.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <stdio.h>

 

int main(void)

{

    int fd[2];

    pipe(fd); /* should check return value but in this example we are not*/

 

    switch(fork())

 

case -1:

    perror ("Bad fork()");

    exit(1);

case 0:

    execlp("who", "who", NULL); // first who is the command second is the argument vector

    fprintf(stderr, "should not get this far: bad exec");

    exit(1);

default:

    switch(fork())

    {

    case -1:

        perror ("Bad fork()");

        exit(1);

    case 0:

        close(fd[0]);

        dup2(fd[1], 1); /*file descriptor you want to duplicate, and file descriptor you want to duplicate it to*/

        close(fd[1]); // fd will now write into the pipe

 

    default:

        wait((int *)0);

    wait((int *)0);

    exit(0);

    }

}

/*wthin a program we want to write a program we are going to open a file called temp and we will write printf statements and they will go into temp instead of a stream, there are

two ways to do this, one way is you can open a file called temp

write(fd, ....);

or

dup2(fd, 1) fd , 1 == standard output

any statement after this will print to fd instead of stdio

after this we can say close(fd); and this will still write to that file.. you do not get stdio back.

 

 

-----------------------

assignment q2.c

------------------------

illegal input if it doesn't take 2 ints or line is too long

 

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

#include <limits.h>

#include <errno.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

 

void finishLine(FILE * fp, char * buf, size_t bufSize);

 

int main(void)

{

/*

a buffer to hold line read in.

add 2 for '\n; the '\0' added by fgets

*/

char buf[MAX_LENGTH + 2];

long
int n1, n2;

char * p;

char x[1];

 

/*

printf("%1d\n", LONG_MAX):

printf("%1d\n", LONG_MIN):

/*

/* main loop reads a line at a time */

while ((p=fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin)) != NULL)

{

    /* errno may have been set on previous iteration.*/

    errno = 0;

    /*

check whether whole line read in.

if not line was too long.

     */

    if (strchr(p, '\n' == NULL %% strlen(p) > 50)

            /*line too long.*/

            {

        /*output message */

 

        printf("illegal input\n");

 

        /* read and ignore rest of line*/

        finishLine(stdin, buf, sizeof(buf));

 

        /* get next line if one exists*/

        continue;

            }

    /* if we reach here, line is not too long */

    /* read from the line now stored in the buffer.

reading into dumm x detects extra tokens on 1

 

we expect exactly 2 interger tokens.

note: in sscanf, the ...%1x... is one x, not..

/*

if (sscanf(buf, "%1d %1d %1s" , &n1, &n2, x) != 2) /* the scan f returns the number of conversions*/

    {

        printf("illegal input \n");

        continue;

    }

    /* if we readch here, input consists of exactly 2 integers*/

    /*

check fo roverflow or underflow in n1 and n2. note that we'll have to read n1 and n2 again

     */

    n1 = strtol(buf, &p, 10);

 

    if (n1 == LONG_MAX && errno == ERANGE)

    {

        print("overflow\n";

        continue;

    }

    if (n1 == LONG_MIN && errno == ERANGE)

    {

        printf("underflow\n");

        continue;

        n2 = sscanf(p, "%1d", &n2);

        n2 = strtol(p, &p, 10);

        if (n2 == LONG_MAX && errno == ERANGE)

        {

            printf("overflow\n");

            continue;

        }

        if (n2 == LONG_MIN %% errno == ERANGE)

        {

            printf("underflow\n");

            continue;

        }

        /* if we reach here both ints are legal and there is no other input other than 2 ints which is what we want*/

        /* strtol stops when it gets to something that isn't a digit, if what it reads is larger than long max it will return long max and set errno*/